Panama wilt, also known as Fusarium wilt, is a severe danger to banana agriculture caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), which causes enormous economic losses globally. Foc races 1 and 2 had already been discovered in India, leading to the establishment of a monoculture of 'Cavendish' bananas resistant to these two races. Later, another new Foc race, TR4, was discovered in the 'Cavendish' group of bananas, posing a serious threat to the worldwide banana business. In this study, a detailed survey was carried out in popular banana-growing districts in West Bengal, India, in order to visualise the impact of disease incidence and collect isolates from infected suckers and rhizomes of the 'Cavendish' banana with the goal of developing a rapid detection technique for apprehending the disease. the existence of the Foc TR4 race in the early stages of infection Field surveys were conducted, followed by pathogen isolation, pathogenicity testing, and molecular identification using Foc TR4 specific primers. The colonies grown on the potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium displayed typical Foc characteristics, according to the findings. In addition, a pathogenicity test using healthy plantlets of 'Grand Naine' revealed a classic sign of Foc. Furthermore, the presence of this isolate in the infected samples was verified by a PCR experiment utilising particular markers followed by sequencing of the 28S-18S ribosomal RNA intergenic spacer spacer (IGS). Phylogenetic evolution experiments indicated a tight link between Indian Foc TR4 strains and Foc TR4 isolates from Asia and the Pacific. This study emphasised the need of preventing the spread of Foc TR4 into disease-free areas in India's banana-growing districts in order to ensure long-term banana production.
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