Ethyl alcohol and its metabolites have a deleterious effect on an embryo and foetus, even at low quantities. The role of the lipid peroxidation-antioxidant defence (LPO-AOD) system has gotten a lot of attention in recent years, because an imbalance in this system leads to the development of oxidative stress (OS), which is accompanied by a decrease in the body's resistance to negative external and internal factors, and is one of the most important triggers of so-called free radical pathology.
The goal of the study was to determine the concentration and activity of metabolic system components "lipid peroxidation-antioxidant defence" (LPO-AOD) and glutathione system components in pregnant women and their newborns who consumed no more than two doses of low-strength alcoholic beverages (beer, champagne, wine) during the first half of pregnancy.The study was designed with a prospective and controlled randomised design. 170 pregnant women were followed in Irkutsk's regional perinatal facility for the research. Two ladies declined to take part in the research. The primary group included 93 women who consumed low-alcohol drinks (beer, champagne, and wine) throughout the first half of their pregnancy (for a period of 7-20 weeks of pregnancy). A control group of 75 women who did not drink alcohol during their pregnancy made up the control group. The parameters of the LPO-AOD and glutathione systems had been evaluated in both groups of women during a period of 30-32 weeks of pregnancy. Similarly, Cord blood was taken from 66 babies in the control group and 53 newborns whose mothers had consumed alcohol throughout the first half of their pregnancy (main group). The outcomes of the study were statistically processed. The T-student and Mann-Whitney test procedures were used to statistically analyse the findings obtained using the software programme STATICTICA 10 Stat Soft Inc, USA (licence holder - Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems).
The effects of low alcohol drinks (beer, champagne, and wine) in doses of no more than two on the status of the LPO-AOD and glutathione systems in the blood serum and red blood cells of pregnant women and their babies were discovered in the study. It was shown that even a single consumption of low-alcohol drinks causes the development of oxidative stress in mothers and their babies. In pregnant women, the glutathione system is characterised by a reduction in reduced glutathione (GSH) content and glutathione reductase (GR) activity, as well as an increase in oxidised glutathione (GSSG) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) levels. A reduction in GSH is linked to a drop in GR, GST, and GR in infants. Glutathione peroxidase (GPO) activity is also important. Conclusion: After analysing the data, it was determined that even tiny dosages of low alcohol (beer, champagne, and wine) had a deleterious impact on the metabolism of pregnant women and their babies.
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